EVALUAREA RISCULUI SPECIFIC ACTIVITATII DE DEMOLARE A OBIECTIVELOR INDUSTRIALE CU AJUTORUL EXPLOZIVILOR DE UZ CIVIL

Autor/autori: Dr. ing. Gabriel VASILESCU, Dr. ing. Attila KOVACS, Drd. ing. Cristian CIOARA,Ing. Stefan ILICI

Rezumat: Prezenta lucrare are ca obiectiv evidentierea posibilitatii de dezvoltare a infrastructurii metodologice de evaluare a riscului specific activitatii de demolare a obiectivelor industriale cu ajutorul explozivilor de uz civil. Realizarea lucrarilor de impuscare a constructiilor civile si industriale pentru cladirile care trebuie dezafectate implica o serie de operatii care genereaza riscuri in sanatatea si securitatea muncii pentru angajatii firmei care realizeaza lucrarea, cat si pentru persoanele din vecinatati. Riscurile, generate de pericolele existente la executarea lucrarilor de demolare a cladirilor cu ajutorul explozivilor de uz civil, se pot grupa ca si sursa de producere a acestora in doua categorii: riscuri generate de utilizarea explozivilor de uz civil; riscuri generate de lucrari premergatoare si de eliminarea materialului demolat in urma exploziei. Cadrul legislativ obliga angajatorii sa ia toate masurile pentru ca lucratorii sa nu fie expusi unor riscuri ce pot genera accidente sau boli profesionale. Astfel, Normele metodologice de aplicarea Legii securitatii si sanatatii in munca nr. 319/2006 cu modificarile si completarile ulterioare, reglementeaza mecanismul prin care angajatorul trebuie sa procedeze pentru eliminarea sau reducerea acestor riscuri. La realizarea unor lucrari de demolare cu ajutorul explozivilor de uz civil, de catre firme specializate si autorizate in acest scop, se combina riscurile care se pot identifica pe orice santier de constructii cu cele specifice lucrului cu materii explozive. De asemenea, in multe situatii pe acelasi santier sunt implicate in activitatile de demolare doua sau chiar mai multe firme de exemplu un antreprenor general, un subcontractor pentru exploatarea utilajelor care se folosesc si firma autorizata pentru lucru cu materii explozive care va executa impuscarea. Fiecare firma are obligatia conform legii sa-si organizeze activitatea proprie de prevenire si protectie, insa va trebui sa existe un plan de colaborare intre acesti agenti economici cu scopul de a se constientiza riscurile tehnologice si de mediu care pot fi generate de activitatea celuilalt

Cuvinte cheie: risc, exploziv de uz civil, demolare, obiectiv industrial, intensitate seismica, distanta de siguranta.

Abstract: This paperwork aims to highlight the possibilities for the development of the methodological infrastructure of risk assessment related to the demolition of industrial facilities using civil use explosives. The achievement of blasting works related to civil and industrial constructions for buildings which have to be disaffected involves a series of operations generating risks in the occupational health and safety for staff carrying out the work, as well as for the persons nearby. Risks generated by hazards occurring when carrying out the demolition of buildings using civil use explosives, may be grouped, depending on their source of production, in two categories: risks generated by the use of civil use explosives; risks generated by prior works and by works for the removal of demolished material resulted from the explosion. The legal framework forces the employers to take measures so that the workers are not exposed to risks which may generate accidents or occupational diseases. Thereby, the methodological regulations for applying Law no. 319/2006 on occupational health and safety with subsequent amendments and completions regulate the mechanism through which the employer has to eliminate or reduce these risks. When carrying out demolition works using civil use explosives, by companies which are specialized and authorized for this purpose, the risks which can be found on every construction site are combined with the ones specific to working with civil use explosives. Also, in various situations, on the same site there are involved two or more companies carrying out demolition activities, for example a general contractor, a subcontractor for the machineries which are used and an authorized company working with explosive materials used for the blasting. Each company must organize its prevention and protection activity in compliance with the legal requirements, but a general plan for the cooperation between these economic agents has to exist with the purpose to acknowledge the technological and environmental risks which may be generated by the activity of the other.

Keywords: risk, civil use explosive, industrial facility, seismic intensity, safety distance.

DOWNLOAD PDF