Resursele mondiale de grafit natural: situatia actuala, posibilitatea valorificarii, perspective

Autor/autori: Conf. dr. ing. Mihai Marinescu, Dr. ing. Mihai Mafteiu, Asist. cercet. ing. Christian Stanciu, Asist. cercet. Florin-George Marinescu

Rezumat: Grafitul natural este un mineral de origine organica, provenit din acumularile de hidrocarburi solide (carbuni de diferite tipuri, sisturi carbunoase) si fluide (petrol) metamorfozate sau din depozitele carbonatice asimilate de catre magme. Reprezinta un mineral indispensabil industriilor siderurgica, metalurgica, electrotehnica, chimica, aerospatiala etc. Lucrarea de fata se refera numai la grafitul natural, caci el se poate obtine si prin diverse tratamente termice ale substantelor carbonice amorfe (carbuni, negru de fum, cocs, celuloza), cu diferite calitati in functie de liantii si materialele (sintetice sau metalice) cu care se impregneaza masa sa poroasa. Numai atunci cand se va discuta despre valorificarea si perspectivele resurselor se va face si o scurta referire privind posibilitatea inlocuirii grafitului obtinut din resursele naturale cu cel sintetic.

Cuvinte cheie: resurse de grafit, rezerve de grafit, grafit natural, productie de grafit, grafit sintetic.


Abstract: Natural graphite is a mineral of organic origin, derived from the accumulation of solid hydrocarbons (coal of different types, oil shale, coal) and liquid (oil) or metamorphosed carbonate deposits assimilated by the magma. It is an essential mineral in steel, metallurgical, electrical, chemical, aerospace industries, etc. This paper refers only to natural graphite, because it can also be obtained by various heat treatments of amorphous carbonaceous substances (coal, carbon black, coke, pulp), with different qualities depending on the binders and materials (synthetic or metallic) which impregnates the porous mass. Only when you talk about future resources we will make a brief reference to the possibility of replacing the graphite obtained from the natural resources with the synthetic one.

Keywords: graphite resources, reserves of graphite, natural graphite, graphite production, synthetic graphite

 

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