Particularitatile marfurilor periculoase transportate si impactul medioambiental al acestora

Autor/autori: Drd. ing. Eugen Busa

Rezumat: Ca urmare a dezvoltarii economiei mondiale si a progresului tehnic din acest ultim secol, au crescut atit nivelul transporturilor de marfuri periculoase cit si impactul medioambiental al acestora. În vederea protejarii de evenimentele nedorite care s-ar putea produce, au fost elaborate la nivelul ONU, o serie de masuri severe, cu caracter tehnic si legislativ, care se aplica in traficul intern si international . Masurile se refera la ambalare, manipularea marfurilor, incarcare in mijloacele de transport si folosirea tehnologiilor moderne de transport (containerizare, paletizare si pachetizare) iar respectarea acestor masuri face posibil transportul in siguranta al marfurilor periculoase in traficul feroviar, rutier, naval, aerian, multimodal. Utilizarea substantelor chimice a rezultat din necesitatea rezolvarii unor probleme ale umanitatii, dar fara a cunoaste consecintele sau pretul ce va trebui platit ulterior pentru degradarea mediului sau a diminuarii sanatatii populatiei. Astazi, in mod clar se stie ca multe din substantele chimice sintetice sunt suspectate ca genereaza daune mediului inconjurator si sanatatii populatiei, ele regasindu-se in numeroase produse pe care le consumam zilnic sau fiind prezente in mediul in care traim. Transportatorul de marfuri periculoase, expeditorul si destinatarul, trebuie sa ia masurile adecvate, conform naturii si importantei riscurilor previzibile, pentru a evita producerea de daune sau prejudicii si, daca este cazul, a reduce la minimum efectele acestora.

Cuvinte cheie: transport, marfuri periculoase, trafic, siguranta, impact medioambiental , mediu, substante chimice, ambalare, marcare, etichetare, Acordul european referitor la transportul rutier international al marfurilor periculoase (A.D.R.)

Abstract: As a result of global economic development and technical progress in the last century, have increased both the transport of dangerous goods as well as their impact medioambiental. For the protection of undesirable events that could occur have been developed at the UN level, a series of stringent measures, technical and legal, to be applied in domestic and international traffic. The measures relate to packaging, handling, loading vehicles, and using some modern technology (containerization, palletizing and pachetizare) and that these measures make possible the safe transport of dangerous goods in rail traffic, road, sea, air, multimodal. The use of chemicals resulted in a need to address problems of humanity, but without knowing the consequences or the price to be paid later to reduce environmental degradation or health. Today, clearly it is known that many synthetic chemicals are suspected to generate environmental and health damage, it is being found in many products that we consume daily is present in our environment. The carrier of dangerous goods, the sender and recipient must take appropriate measures under the nature and importance of foreseeable risks, to avoid damage or injury and, if appropriate, to minimize their effects.

Keywords: transport of dangerous goods, traffic, safety, impact medioambiental, environment, chemicals, packaging, marking, labeling, European Agreement concerning the international carriage of dangerous goods (ADR)

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