Professor Dr. Sadhan Chandra RAY, Professor Dr. Mirela BLAGA
Rezumat
Iuta , „fibra de aur a Indiei”, este o fibră naturală liberiană, cunoscută din punct de vedere chimic ca fibră lignocelulozică. Iuta are luciu, rezistenţă mare, alungire mică, aspect estetic plăcut, dar lungime variabilă. Este biodegradabilă, este disponibilă în cantităţi mari la preţuri mici şi în mod tradiţional este folosită pentru materiale de ambalare (saci). Studii ştiinţifice recente au arătat că iuta poate înlocui cîteva Fiber scumpe, fiind considerată nu numai o importantă fibră textilă indicată pentru ambalaje, ci şi o materie primă pentru producerea textilelor tehnice. Produse tradiţionale din iută ca ţesături suport pentru covoare, frânghii, parâme, chingi se folosesc de zeci de ani în domeniul textilelor tehnice. Totuşi, în ultimii ani se dezvoltă producţia de articole inovative care exploatează enormul potenţial al iutei în domeniul textilelor tehnice. În prezent, aproximativ 10 % până la 15 % din Fiberle de iută sunt transformate în diverse produse textile tehnice (fire, ţesături, neţesute, compozite). Amestecurile de iută sau iută cu alte Fiber s-au dovedit corespunzătoare producerii unor tipuri diferite de textile tehnice inovative, cum ar fi geotextile, ţesături pentru tapiţerie, sacoşe ecologice, ţesături caşerate şi cauciucate, covoare, prelate şi plăci aglomerate din iută. Iuta este privită ca o materie primă din care se realizează produse care protejează mediul şi menţin echilibrul ecologic şi prin urmare deschide noi posibilităţi de producere a textilelor tehnice inovative.
Cuvinte cheie: FiberGeotextileAmbalajeTextile Tehnice.
Abstract
Jute - the “Golden Fiber of India” - is an agro based natural bast fiber and chemically known as ligno-cellulosic fiber It has silky luster, high tensile strength, low extensibility, good aesthetic appearance but variable staple length. It is bio-degradable and available in inexhaustible quantity at comparatively low price and traditionally being used as packaging material (sacking and hessian). Recent scientific studies carried out have revealed that it has potential to replace several expensive fibers and today jute is looked upon not only as a major textile fiber suitable for packaging but also as a raw material for manufacturing technical textiles. The traditional jute products including carpet backing cloths, soil saver, webbings, ropes and cordage, etc. have been in use for decades in the field of technical textiles only. However, the production of innovative items exploiting the enormous potential of the jute as technical textile is being appreciated in recent times. Around 10 to 15 % of jute fibers are presently converted into diversified jute products (yarns, fabrics – woven, nonwoven & sandwich, composites), may be in India or abroad, which are nothing but technical textiles. Further, jute fiber alone or in combination with other fibers has proved its suitability in the manufacture of different types of innovative technical textiles. Some of the promising products are geo-textiles, furnishing fabrics, shopping/green bags, rubberized & coated fabrics, carpets, and tarpaulin and jute particle board. The major applications are in the field of Pack-tech, Geo-tech, Agro-tech and Home-tech. Today jute is looked upon as a raw material for manufacturing products which protect environment and maintain ecological balance and hence jute has opened up a new avenue for manufacturing innovative technical textiles.
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