SCURT ISTORIC AL FABRICĂRII CIMENTULUI ÎN ROMÂNIA

Autor/autori: Dr. ing. Elena DAN; Dipl Ing. Mihai ROHAN

Rezumat: Cimentul este materialul de constructie a carui aparitie a determinat revolutionarea tehnicii constructiilor, datorita rezistentei si durabilitatii sale ( sub forma de pasta sau liant al mortarelor si betoanelor) chiar si in medii cu 100% umiditate. Crearea acestui material de catre constructorii romani din sec. I-II e.n. a fost urmata de o serie de imbunatatiri calitative aduse, in principal, de cercetatori si producatori de materiale de constructie din a doua jumatate a secolului al XIX- lea. Dupa o succinta trecere in revista a primelor constructii pe baza de ciment, realizate de romani, pe teritoriul Daciei, lucrarea prezinta primele unitati industriale de fabricatie a cimentului in Romania, incepand cu F-ca de la Braila (1888), continua cu situatia industriei de ciment romanesti in 1989, urmata de schimbarile aduse de marea privatizare din anii 90’ , pana la zi. Este subliniata contributia cercetatorilor romani din domeniul cimentului in perfectionarea retetelor de fabricatie si a tehnologiei, precum si a constructorilor romani - care au realizat importante constructii civile, industriale si de infrastructura, bazate pe beton de ciment portland – singurul material de constructie, cunoscut pana in prezent, a carui rezistenta creste in timp, pana la cca 100 de ani.

Cuvinte cheie: ciment portland, constructii pe baza de ciment in Dacia; fabricarie ciment portland in Romania.

Abstract: Cement is the construction material whose construction has revolutionized the construction technique due to its strength and durability (as a paste or binder of mortars and concrete) even in 100% humidity environments. The creation of this material by the Romanian builders of the sec. I-II e.n. was followed by a series of qualitative improvements brought mainly by researchers and producers of building materials from the second half of the 19th century. After a brief review of the first cement-based constructions made by the Romans on the territory of Dacia, the paper presents the first industrial cement manufacturing units in Romania, starting with Braila Cement Factory (1888), continues with the Romanian cement manufacturing situation in 1989, followed by the changes brought by the great privatization of the 90's, till today.

Keywords: portland cement; cement based constructions in Dacia; portland cement manufacturing in Romania.

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