Prof. dr. Olimpia Alina IORDANESCU, Drd. ing. Roxana Elena MICU
Rezumat
Dintre cele mai cunoscute boli ale marului face parte rapanul (Venturia inaequalis), iar ca daunator se remarca viermele merelor (Cydia pomonella). Impactul acestora asupra fructelor si implicit asupra calitatii acestora este foarte important, intrucat fructele sunt depreciate foarte mult, iar productia nu poate fi valorificata. La soiul Jonathan, alaturi de fainare, acestea doua reprezinta probleme majore, probleme datorate echipamentelor vechi folosite la stropiri, nerealizarii la timp a tratamentelor si datorita faptului ca nu toate pesticidele prezinta eficacitate impotriva lor. Ca urmare, cercetarile noastre s-au axat pe aplicarea unor scheme de tratamente diferite (schema clasica si cea moderna) in vederea combaterii viermelui merelor si rapanului la soiul de mar Jonathan. Tratamentele pentru combaterea rapanului s-au realizat tinand cont de mai multi factori si anume: fenofaza pomilor corelata cu stadiul de dezvoltare al ciupercii, precum si conditiile climatice existente. Astfel, conform schemei moderne de tratamente, s-au folosit substante recomandate pentru combaterea rapanului in fenofaza de umflare a mugurilor si dezmugurit, in perioada de inceput, toi si sfarsit de inflorire, precum si in fenofaza de crestere si maturare a fructelor. Riscul de infectare cu Venturia inaequalis este mult mai ridicat dupa perioadele ploioase, urmate de temperaturi ridicate, acesta fiind momentul optim de realizare a tratamentelor de combatere. In ceea ce priveste viermele merelor, tratamentele s-au facut pe baza capturilor feromonale, respectiv a numarului de fluturi prinsi in capcana. Rezultatele obtinute au aratat faptul ca ambele scheme de tratamente sunt eficiente in combaterea celor doi agenti, insa s-a observat o crestere a productiei si a calitatii acesteia in varianta in care s-a aplicat schema de tratamente moderne.
Cuvinte cheie: Jonathanviermele merelorrapanpesticide.
Abstract
One of the most known diseases of apple is scab (Venturia inaequalis), and of the pests is the codling moth (Cydia pomonella). Their impact upon the fruits and their quality is very important, because the fruits are much damaged and the production can not be sold. For Jonathan apple tree variety, together with powdery mildew, these two represent major problems due to the old equipments used for sprayings, doing the treatments at the wrong time and because not all the pesticides are efficient in controlling them. Considering all these, our researches were focused on applying two different treatment schemes (a classic one and a modern one) in order to control scab and the codling moth of Jonathan apple tree variety. The treatments done for scab control were done considering: the fruit tree phenophase correlated to the fungus development stage and also to the climatic conditions. Considering the modern treatment scheme, there were used recommended substances for control in the phenophase of bud opening, beginning, full and end of flowering and also in the phenophase of growing and maturation of fruits. The risk of infestation with Venturia inaequalis is much higher after rainy periods, followed by high temperatures, this being the perfect moment for control sprayings. Concerning the codling moth, the treatments were done according to the catches in the pheromone traps, which is the number of moths caught in the trap. The obtained results showed that both treatment schemes are efficient in controlling these pests, but there was observed an increase of production and its quality in the variant where the modern treatment scheme was done.
Keywords: Jonathancodling mothscabpesticides.
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